The Problem Of Evil, The Fine Tuning Argument And The...

In this essay, I am going to argue that God exists. The three main concepts that I’m going to talk about which which are the problem of evil, the fine tuning argument and the moral argument. According to theism, God is: â€Å"that being which no greater is possible, and he is omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent.†. By having a God who only desires good, and us living in a world where evil exists, it is logically impossible and that is what created the problem of evil. There are two sides of the problem of evil which are the logical and evidential argument. The logical side states that: â€Å"An omnipotent God would be able to prevent or eliminate all the evil and suffering in this world. An omniscient God would know about all the evil and suffering in this world and would know how to prevent it or eliminate it. An omnibenevolent God would want to prevent or eliminate all the evil and suffering in this world. Evil and suffering exists in this world, therefore, there is no God.† As long as evil and suffering exists in this world, God cannot exist. More importantly, it does not only contradict with the idea of God being â€Å"all-good†, but also him being â€Å"all-knowing† and â€Å"all-powerful† as well. Because, if God only desires good, how evil was formed unless God was evil in someway. If not, then if God has all knowledge, he should know evil exists. Even more, if God is â€Å"all-power†, he should be able to the evil and suffering in the that he created. So, the existence of evil contradictsShow MoreRelatedThe Basic Structure And Systems Of The Universe1298 Words   |  6 Pagesto exist. In other terms, and how this argument received its name, everything from physical constants in physics to the balance of energy has been fine-tuned to permit life. The fine- tuning argument suggests that this level of improbability and complexity could not have possibly been achieved without intelligent design, which therefore supports the existence of God. This is where I challenge Robin Collins’ argument. I contend that the fine-tuning argument does provide evidence of an intelligentRead MoreExistence of God Argumentative Paper2119 Words   |  9 Pagesof arguments for the existence of God. With each argument there is a conception presented of God. For each argument there are different approaches. I will be focusing on the Cosmological and Teleological Arguments. Teleological Arguments are known to be arguments from divine, arguing from order in the universe to the existence of God (1).With the ordering of the universe, created by an intelligent being, they hold that it is ordered towards a purpose or an end. The Cosmological Argument â€Å"isRead MoreNaturalism Versus Christianity3872 Words   |  16 Pagesconsistency, and human nature. 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(Craig pg. 3-26) The first of these five proofs, that God makes sense of the originsRead More The Problem of Evil Essay2226 Words   |  9 PagesChristian theology. The problem of evil simultaneously perplexes the world’s greatest minds and yet remains palpably close to the hearts of the most common people. If God is good, then why is there evil? The following essay describes the problem of evil in relation to God, examines Christian responses to the problem, and concludes the existence of God and the existence of evil are fully compatible. Body â€Å"The problem of evil is often divided between the logical and evidential problems.† At the heartRead MoreThe Theory Of God s Death2259 Words   |  10 Pagesirrational because the existence of religious faith’s object, God, cannot be scientifically, rationally, demonstrated. Furthermore, denominational violence, fanaticism, oppression in God’s name, and clerical sex abuse have wasted much of religion’s moral power and in the process drained many of their faith. If reason is the measure and history is the example, then a more fundamental question is whether one should even bother to continue speaking publically about God. Are the very ideas of organizedRead MoreMGT1FOM Key Management Theorists26579 Words   |  107 PagesBabbage’s inquisitive mind and wide interests led him to write of management. His most successful book was On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures, published in 1832. Babbage became interested in manufacturing and management as a result of his problems supervising construction of his own engine, and he visited a wide variety of British and French factories. 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The Greek Era - 880 Words

Although I wouldn’t prefer to live in the Greek time I do believe that it is the most interesting because of the intriguing culture, philosophy, plays and literature, and structures. The amount of progress in philosophy and culture makes the Greek era very recognizable and incredibly important for future of the world. Many things can call their start from the Greeks too, such as drama, comedy, modern philosophy, democracy, and the beginning of modern science. While the extravagant temples only exaggerate the magnificent and sturdy buildings the Greeks built and filled with incredible sculptures displaying arete at its finest. These things make the Greeks the most interesting culture for myself to learn and study about. Ideas and concepts created during the Greek times have become the precursors for many things was call normal today, such as: democracy, philosophy, art, and literature. For starters the idea of democracy was made, known today as direct democracy, where citizens would directly vote on legislation and laws. Unfortunately the term citizen was limited to males who owned land, where not considered slaves, and born in the city. Thankfully those who couldn’t call themselves citizens did have some rights, made mostly to have a stable and nonviolent society. The Greeks also created plays that displayed drama and comedy, a first for history, in which a large audience could attend, including women and slaves. These plays are often studied and are still being shownShow MoreRelatedThe Era of Greek Tragedy Essay2487 Words   |  10 PagesThe Era of Greek Tragedy In Athens, during the final thirty years of sixth century B.C. playwrights began creating the earliest drama in all of Europe, Greek tragedy (Sifakis, â€Å"Greek Tragedy†). 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Brief Look at Andy Warhol Essay Example For Students

Brief Look at Andy Warhol Essay Pop Art originated in Europe, however its greatest success was in America. This is because of the large amount of mass media and mass production within the country. One of the leading pop artists of this time was Andy WarhoL His work was and continues to be very popular and influential. One of the famous pieces by Andy Warhol is Green Coca-Cola Bottles. In a large advertising campaign against their rivals, Pepsi Coal, Coca-Cola used Andy Whorls expertise in their new ads. Warhol used the simple everyday coke tootles because they were familiar to the masses. The repetition of the bottles reflects Cokes constant presence in everyday life. Warhol was able to use a silk screen technique so he could easily reproduce the bottles over and over again. The familiar bottles connected the piece to the common culture in a way that any company would hope for it to. Another painting by Warhol is Marilyn Diptych. This piece was created shortly after Marilyn Monroe committed suicide. Warhol used this opportunity to capitalize on the media explosion because of her death. The flat colored side of the piece represents the movie star Marilyn that everyone saw in the media. It re-mentored the Hollywood created image that the masses worshiped. The repetition of the piece represents the way she was used as a consumer product. The right side suggests multiple film stills, representing the way she attained her fame through her movies. All of the pieces representing advertising and the mass media gave Whorls studio the name The Factory_ The factory was actually an old hat factory until Warhol took over for his art work. Many artists hung out in the factory during this time and it became the place to be At one point, a regular named Valerie Salinas came into the factory and fired three shots, almost killing Warhol. Although he survived the injuries that affect his lung, spleen, liver, esophagi and stomach, he never fully recovered. Warhol believed that mass media would allow everyone 15 minutes of fame, however his fame lasted quite longer and still does past his death.

Philosophies of Religion

Introduction The human population has a sizeable variance regarding the image and location of God. This is determined by the demographic characteristics and the religious beliefs (Swinburne, 2003). Theism is the belief in the existence of one God who is the creator of mankind. In this belief, God controls the organization of the entire universe and is personally present. Atheists believe that there is only one God. On the other hand, pantheism is the belief that everything is God.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophies of Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that God is identical to the world. Therefore, God is expressed through nature. In this case, all things that exist in the universe are united to become one single being, which is God. Panentheism believes that everything is in God. Thus, the universe consists of the body of God. Therefore, God is greater than all things in the univers e because they are all his composition. The three terms have been used to describe God and link His relationship with the world (Capucao, 2010). This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each position. Theism God is greater than the world and its compositions because He is the one who created them. He can change everything that exists in the world through his supernatural powers. He is the superior one who controls everything that happens in the universe. Theism holds that God is beyond everything else that exists in the world. He is sensible because all creation must have been formed at some point. There must be a force behind every cause. This means that everything is caused by something. This ‘something’ is God’s supernatural abilities that explain the cause of everything that exits in the universe. From what we see, many changes come and go and the process is continued. Creatures exist and extinct from the universe with new discoveries developi ng every day. This implies that the process will be continuous even in the future. Therefore, this power, that is God, is eternal. This is because if these things stopped existing, then there would be no force to cause things to happen. God was there before the existence of the human beings and will always be there to determine what happens each single day. This explains why human beings cannot tell what is in store for the future. They rely on God to determine the expected happenings in the future (Peterson, Hasker, Reichenbach Basinger 2008). Theism recognizes the inability of humans to define their destiny. This is because the supernatural power, which is God, controls everything. This allows believers to leave what is not in their control, and this reduces their worries and stresses. It also gives them a sense of protection because they know the supernatural being controls everything that happens to them. For instance, when misfortunes happen to other people, theists do not hav e to worry about the same things happening to them.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is part of God’s plan. In this case, worrying cannot change any plan and human beings tend to experience less stresses when they believe in God. The belief in a single supernatural being, who governs the whole world, gives theists a sense of identification. All believers are regarded as good people who determine the one to be trusted because they are all under one being. They have a power that is derived from God who is their friend and who cares about them. Looking closely at the beautiful and vast creations of the universe, there is an aspect of design. The universe was designed, and this could not have been achieved if there was nobody behind this-God. There is evidence that a supernatural being exits because of the compositions in the universe. It is not possible for these creations to happen without the control of God. They could not exist from nothing but they originated from God (Saint Thomas, 1996; Paley, 2008; Hume, 2008). However, in as much as theists do not worry about misfortunes happening to them, when this happens, they suffer emotionally. They cannot explain why things happen to them when the supernatural being that protects them is in existence. They believe that God has the power to protect them and control what happens in their life. Even when evil things happen, they accept them as part of God’s plan. However, they still suffer emotionally because they do not have the power to explain the happenings that occur in their lives. Theists are the ones who suffer emotionally the most (Griffiths, 2005). Another disadvantage with this form of belief is the inability to identify God tangibly. The belief is based on faith and strengthened by the things that happen in the world. It is purely dictated by faith. Moreover, the human free will is controll ed by the belief that God watches over all rights and wrongs that happen amongst mankind. Therefore, a created being has no power to decide what they should do but act according to God’s rules and regulations. Failure to do this may result into a misfortune because God has the power to change the course of a person’s life. Therefore, any actions that human beings do are not performed by the humans because everything that happens is in His power. It implies that the evil things that humans do could have also been caused by God. In this philosophy, God is the ultimate creator and cause for everything that happens in the world. Human beings have no free will because God creates and causes everything that humans do (Griffiths, 2005; Trakakis, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophies of Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pantheism This belief recognizes that God is everywhere and that he is the only actor. This means that there is nothing else that exists but God. It offers everything that a human could want. In this case, there is a God who grows as they do – perfect and who is present everywhere. When they look at other creations, they see God. Such a belief gives a human the comfort of an existing beloved God that forms the whole of their existence. Therefore, these believers do not have to find God because He readily exits in them. It also implies that a person can address any object or creature for a favor from God because they represent him. They enjoy the privilege of addressing a God that they can see unlike theists who pray to God whom they cannot see. Given that all objects represent God, it is easy to agree with all statements that come from others. This is because they come from God who is represented by the creations (Mackie, 2008; Paley, 2008). Pantheists believe that their spirituality is in the earth. They believe that people should care fo r nature because the earth is the paradise. The pre-conceived idea of God that is held by theists is not experienced because they can see and feel the universe. In this case, the universe portrays awe and gives a sense of belonging to human kind. This means that there should be respect for all the creations in the earth, celebrating the lives in their bodies because it is a privilege to have them. These characteristics and practices make the pantheists remarkably naturalistic because all spiritual activities revolve around nature. Given that there is no other belief in other supernatural beings or life after death; they concentrate on making their stay in the earth fruitful. This is achieved through the care and appreciation of nature. They also respect the scientific discoveries and methods that have been established to understand the nature. This is because the scientists and the cosmological argument creation should be respected and treated with awe (Craig, 2008). While Theists b elieve that there is a greater being than self or the human kind, the pantheists too believe that it exists. For the theists, this being is God. However, for the pantheists, this being is the universe. The universe represents the awe and beauty that lives within the creatures. This believe in the universe does not overlook logic and the evidence of existence; it does not contradict science. This can be termed as a spirituality that does not have absurdity. It does not support the assumption that science is critical in providing solutions. In addition, it does not embrace all the technological advancements since some have negative effects on nature.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is evidence to support everything that they believe in unlike the theists who base their facts on the faith that they have in God. Pantheism promotes nature on the belief that nature is there to be used and taken care. It is part of the human kind thus should be given the same treatment as other humans (Oppy, 2008). The challenge is that they do not know whether holiness is in existence. If it exists, then everything is holy. If it does not, then everything is unholy. The assumption that God is united with nature may imply that God is part of the evil that is there in the world. This is unthinkable for those who believe in a God that is separate from the world. God cannot be imperfect at any given point, and this means that He can be separated from the world’s evil; hence, separable from the universe. If a person sees himself as part of God, then it is unacceptable to assume that the imperfect being makes part of the divine reality. God cannot be associated with evil. T hus, people who do evil things cannot be viewed as God’s representatives in creation (Van Inwagen, 2005). Panentheism Panatheism seems to accept the theism and pantheism views. The belief that everything is in God implies that God is superior to everything else in the universe. On the other hand, when everything is in God, it means that human beings and the rest of the creation form part of the divine power that is in God. Thus, human beings are part of God who is superior to everything in the universe. Panantheists and pantheists agree that God forms part of the universe. However, Panantheists further believe that this God extents beyond the universe and has the power to control it. He is separable from nature because He has authority over nature. Panentheism provides a sense of wholeness in the universe. This is because it implies that all the composition of the universe is one and is within one supernatural being. This is a way of discouraging evil since no human would wan t to hurt part of the divine unity. Believers understand than they are not superior to any of the compositions, thus must have a peaceful co-existence. Nature is part of the union between God and the universe and should not be abused. Its destruction abuses the unity. This belief is an advantage in the world because human kind preserves nature and promotes peace in the world (Oppy, 2008). Panentheism provides a mutual agreement between science and religion. While theists disregard science and pantheists embrace it, pantheism explains the relationship between the two. When everything in the universe is in God, science forms part of the universe composition and it is in God. God is superior to the universe, thus God is beyond science and science cannot be used to answer all the questions. There is a supernatural being that cannot be explained by science. He has authority over science. This is what gives a distinction between God and the creatures (Kierkegaard, 1985). While the creatur es cannot explain the future and present events, God has the power to control all that happens in the universe. In so doing, He offers creatures choices that they can follow while in the universe because they are within Him. All the happenings that he controls are in the interest of the universe composition. Thus, it can be concluded that God is not a person. However, He is distinct from individuals who happen to be within Him. Unlike pantheists who cannot explain evil because it is obviously not part of God, Panantheists can explain this. Evil results from human subjectivity since human beings and the rest of creation are in God. If God did not include the human kind as part of Himself, evil could not exist because God simply cannot be associated with the evil (St. Anslem, 1965; McCord, 2003). Panantheists experience a challenge in explaining the free will for humans to control activities. If they are within God who is all powerful, then it is assumed that God can empower all creat ures to have the divine power to act on their own without His divine intervention. Theists believe that there is divine power in God that causes all the happenings in the world. Panantheists believe that this power exists, and they are within it (Bishop, 2007). This does not explain why they have no control over the power that makes things happen. Another limitation in this belief is the explanation for suffering. Since all humankind is within God who controls everything in their interest, it is hard to explain why misfortunes happen to them (Kierkegaard, 1992). Conclusion Humankind has contradicting views about the existence of God. They cannot explain some things that happen in the universe and choose to attribute this to their religious beliefs. These beliefs promote global unity and peace since most of the believers recognize evil and disapprove of it. While it is hard for the believers to explain some of the events that happen in the universe like death, religion gives them hop e. Reference List Bishop, J 2007, How a modest fideism may constrain theistic commitments: exploring an alternative to classical theism, Philosophia, vol. 35, no. 3–4, pp. 387–402. Capucao, D D 2010, Religion and ethnocentrism an empirical-theological study. Leiden, Brill. Craig, WL 2008, â€Å"The Cosmological Argument†, in P Copan C Meister (eds), Philosophy of religion: classic and contemporary issues, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Massachusetts. Griffiths, PJ 2005, â€Å"Nontheistic conceptions of the divine†, in W Wainwright (ed.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy of religion, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Hume, D 2008, â€Å"On the argument from design†, in A Eshleman (ed.), Readings in philosophy of religion: East meets West, Blackwell Publishing, Massachusetts. Kierkegaard, S 1992, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments trans. H.V. Hong and E.H. Hong, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. Kierkegaard , S 1985, Philosophical Fragments trans. H.V. Hong and E.H. Hong, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. Mackie, JL 2008, â€Å"Cosmological arguments†, in A Eshleman (ed.), Readings in philosophy of religion: East meets West, Blackwell publishing, Malden, Massachusetts. McCord, A M 2003, â€Å"Horrendous evils and the goodness of God†, in C Taliaferro PJ Griffiths (eds), Philosophy of religion: an anthology, Blackwell, Malden, Massachusetts. Oppy, G 2008, â€Å"The ontological argument†, in P Copan C Meister, Philosophy of religion: classic and contemporary issues, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Massachusetts. Paley, W 2008, â€Å"Evidence of design†, in A Eshleman (ed.), Readings in philosophy of religion: East meets West, Blackwell Publishing, Massachusetts. Peterson, M, Hasker, W, Reichenbach, B Basinger, D 2008, â€Å"The divine attributes: what is God like?†, in A Eshleman (ed.), Readings in philosophy of religion: East meets We st, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Massachusetts. Saint, TA 1996, â€Å"Whether God exists†, in GL Bowie, MW Michaels RC Solomon (eds), Twenty questions: an introduction to philosophy, 3rd edn, Harcourt Brace, Fort Worth, Texas. St Anslem 1965, â€Å"The ontological argument†, in A Plantinga (ed.), The ontological argument: from St Anslem to contemporary philosophers, Anchor Books, New York. Swinburne, R 2003, â€Å"God†, in C Taliaferro PJ Griffiths (eds), Philosophy of religion: an anthology, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Massachusetts. Trakakis, N 2008, Theodicy: the solution to the problem of evil or part of the problem? Philophia, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 161–91. Van Inwagen, P 2005, â€Å"The Problem of Evil†, in W Wainwright (ed.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy of religion, Oxford University Press, Oxford. This essay on Philosophies of Religion was written and submitted by user Kat1eP0wer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.